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 ZbVPDu\ʃvYv fBXJbV[_[@kij @׉HZp̐iWɂim[gx̋ɂ߂Ĕׂȍ\̂쐬邱ƂrIeՂƂȂĂB\̂ƌƂ̑ݍp ẮAɋȂǂ̋ΏۂƂ鎞AvYƌĂ΂dq̏Wc^lKvBŋ߂ł́A׍\̌ɈˑĕωlX ȃvŶ̂łȂAvYɂ鑽q|}[d⍂g񍐂ĂAimAAwAL[ [hɑʂւ̗p݂B̂悤ȏ󋵂𓥂܂āA{ZbVł̓vY𗘗poCIZVOɊւƃimXP[ \̂̌wɊւ闝_ɊւāA2̐搶utƂĂAƗ_̗ʂvYƌqEqɊւċc_B Top u1F@vỸZVOւ̉p [JVixmtBj @ÁEnȂǂ̕ɂẮAWZVOZpւ̃j[Y܂ĂB̗̈ɂāAߐڏƂVTǑdvȖ SĂB\IȋߐڏZṕAGolbZgA\ʃvYiSPRjAǍ݃vYiLPRjłB̌́AˊE ʁA邢̓im\̂̋ߖTɋǍ݂AAxƂBLPŔAvYpȂAȕւȃoCIZT̗vfZp Ċ҂ĂBɁAULPRgݍ킹邱ƂŁA苭ʂ\Ǎۂ͕̊bƂĂւ [BLPRɂx̏dvȉpprƂāA\ʑ}UiSERSjBSERŚATvL̃}UXy NgxɊϑZpŁA]̌poCIZVOƂĂ\ɂZpƂāA̎p҂ĂB SERS̑傫ȉۑ̂ЂƂƂāAxƃfoCX̏ꏊlƂ̗BX͗zɎ_A~̔z|[X\𗘗pim}b V[\JẢۑ\B Top u2F@I\ʍ\ɂw c۔ij @imIveBNXIȌÓTdCw̖ƂčlꍇA\ɔg\ɏɂւ炸AÂ̓dCwƂĈ Ƃ͎Ȗł͂ȂBAɂ͑̌ۂ͘Â̓dCwɂď\ɂ悭͂ĂB̖c_ɂ́AIȔ׍\ wIɂǂ̂悤ɐUA̍\TCYˑl邱Ƃ͗Lpł낤Bim̈ɂČ̓dꑝʂ𐶂\Ƃ āA[ȗȁȓːj\ĂĂBł́AƑ΂Ȃ\ƂĒPi\ĂBPipΌƎ˂ƒïʒu ĎCoɎq˂𔭐Bˌ鎥CoɎq̃[g͒iႭȂɔႵďȂ邪AǏIȎ͔Ⴕđ傫ȂB AvY}͂̌ۂ𑝋ʂB̂悤ɑ̂ޗɂāAEʂɂ̂悤ȎꑝʂꂽꍇAn̋zϒ 󂯂Bq̃Xebv-eX݂\ʂɂāA̋zeXɂĕϒ󂯂Ƃ񍐂͒mƂ둶݂ȂA̒i2 nm̏ꍇɂẮACoɎq˂̉eĂႪ񍐂ĂB̂悤ȎЉȂׂłȂÂň鋐I \Ƃ̌wɂčl@B Top ZbVQDuAgbȊw̍őOv fBXJbV[_[@hij @ߔN̒ZpXZp̐iẂC[U[̌gʑ (Carrier Envelop Phase: CEPj̐܂ł\ɂCԕtFgCTCN̓dUȂ[U[\ɂȂĂD̂悤ȋɒZpX͕̍\ԕωԂŒǐՂ鋭͂ȃc[ƂčLŊ􂵁C̎aVȌʂĂ鎖͎m̒ʂłD @C[U[̎ԕ͓dÛPTCN̐󂯂ȏC̃[U[pꍇCtFgbƂpX؂邱Ƃ͂łȂD܂CtFgbAgbɎԕkɂ́C̒ZgKvƂȂDZpX[U[ƌqEq̑ݍppǵC݁CAgb̈̌pX𔭐łB̎@łCߔNuAgbȊwvƂnoDAgb̎ԕpXp΁Cdq^̎ԒǐՂƂ͂̂ƁC̍x XUV ̈ɂwƂ܂łɂȂ\ɂȂD܂g̃JjŶɒڂCďՓ˓dqgAgb̎ԃXP[ŌqEq̃_Ci~NX\肷Ƃ݂n܂ĂDC̉p؂񂭈ׂɁCgɂẮuZpXvCuZgvCuo͉vƂϓ_猤i߂ĂCZpXł 100 Agb؂pXCZgł́@keV̈ɂ܂Ŕgg債ĂD {ZbVł́AgpAgbȊwɐ͓IɎgłQ̎茤҂utƂĂCyї_̗ʂAgbȊw̌Ɖ\ɂċc_\łD Top u1F@x[U[pXɂ钴\qEqԃC[WO X@idʑj @w܂dq̎pɂāCTǔqTCY̕\ŕ̍\͂eՂɍs悤ɂȂċvDŋ߂ł́CԓIɉāCԓIɂĂ\ő肵C̏ԑJڂ𕪐͂@lĂĂDX́Cŋ߁CxߐԊO[U[pXpāCԓIɂ̓TuCԓIɂ͐tFgbAgbias; 1 as= 10-18b)̈̒\qEq̃C[WOs@Ƃă[U[UNdq@ [Light Induced Electron Microscopy (LIEM)]ĂC_ю̗ʂ猤i߂ĂDX̒ĂLIEM@@ł́C[U[̏Ǝ˂ɂėUN"ďՓ˓dq"𗘗pāAWIŗL̏łWICIɂdq̒eUfʐςČfʐςxŒoCtUƂɂāCWI̓dוzȂǂ̏̍\zڎwĂD{uł́ALIEM @̌ɂĐlvZɂ錋ʂpĐCKXqWIƂ؎CѕqWIւ̗\Il@ɂĕ񍐂ƂƂɁẢۑɂČyD Top u2F@AgbpXƕq̔ݍp FƁij @Agb̎ԕ\́AqEq̓dq̉^ԂŊϑ邽߂ɕKvsłB^󎇊Oɒ[Ö̕{̍gdˍ킹΁AAgbpXłBAgւ̕ϊႢƁA˗Lwfq݂ȂƁAѐ^󎇊Oɒ[ÖōȔ}݂ȂƂAԍ\̎ȑ֌vɂ钼ړIȃLN^[[V͍łBg̍xBĂA݂ł͐^󎇊Oɒ[Ö̒Zg̈ɂĂAƕ̔ݍpNƂ\ƂȂĂBX́AߔNAqƔׂđ傫2qzfʐςL镪qpăAgbpX̃LN^[[VsB{uł́AqpAgbpX̃LN^[[Vŋ߂̃AgbpXp2qt[Gqp܂ŁAAgbpXƕq̔ݍpɊւ錤ʂɂďЉB Top ZbVRDuʎqgOtB[ [Quantum Tomography]v fBXJbV[_[@TiʐM@\j [Masahiro TakeokaiNICT)] @ʎqgOtB[Ƃ́A^ꂽn̖m̗ʎqԂœ肷@łBʎqԂ͈x̑肾ł͓łȂAԂɂTv𑽐pӂAK؂ȑsƂŁAԂ̓\ȐxŐ肷邱Ƃ\ɂȂB̓Iȑ̎@́AΏیnAqubit(񏀈ʌn)ʌnAʓInȂǂňقȂB܂Ԃ肷gOtB[̑ɂAm̗ʎqQ[g̓AX̊mԂ͂Ƃ̏o͏Ԃ𑪂邱Ƃɂ肷uvZXgOtB[vBɂėʎqԂvZX\Ȑxœ肷邱Ƃ́AX̕n̊{Iȃ_Ci~NX̌vAʎq񏈗ۂ̐\]ŔɏdvȉۑłB{ZbVł̗͌ʎqgOtB[̍ŋ߂̘bЉA܂_ƂƎƂ炻ꂼꑽʌnуXsñgOtB[ɂčŐV̘b񋟂Ac_B Quantum tomography is a method to experimentally verify the characteristics of an unknown quantum state in a given physical system. Sine one can not fully reconstruct the quantum state by measuring a single copy of the state, quantum tomography is carried out by appropriately measuring a sufficient number of identically prepared states. The concrete procedures of the tomography depend on the physical system, e.g. optical or solid systems, two-dimensional (qubit) or n-dimensional or continuous variable systems, etc. One can also make the "quantum process tomography" which is the tomographic technique to verify an unknown quantum process by using a set of known input states and measurements. Experimental verification of the quantum states or processes is an important issue for measuring the fundamental properties or evaluating the performance of experimental quantum information processing in various physical systems. The issues to be discussed in this session include the recent topics on optical quantum tomography as well as the two invited talks on the theory on higher dimensional systems and the experiment on the solid state spin systems. Top u1F@qunitiʁjn̗ʎqgOtB[@@@@@[Quantum state tomography of quadrupolar nuclei in nano-structures] Adam MiranowicziAdam Mickiewicz Universityj The talk is devoted to quantum information processing and quantum state tomography of nuclear spin-3/2 and spin-7/2 states in nano-structures manufactured by Y. Hirayama et al. [Nature (London) {\bf 434}, 1001 (2005)]. We propose schemes for quantum state tomography of quadrupolar nuclei with spin-3/2 based on an unconventional approach to nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), where longitudinal magnetization $M_z$ is measured. This is in contrast to the standard NMR experiments and the known NMR tomographic schemes, where the transverse magnetization $M_{xy}$ is detected. Stability (or sensitivity) of the schemes to errors in the measured data is analyzed. Nonlinear reconstruction based on maximum-likelihood method is applied. Schemes with optimized sets of rotations are suggested. An exemplary state reconstruction from numerically simulated experimental data is discussed. The tomographic schemes for quadrupolar nuclei with spin-7/2 and higher spin quantum numbers are also described. u2F@̓dqXs̗ʎqgOtB[@@@@@[Spin state tomography of optically injected electrons in a semiconductor] pjikdCʐMj@[Hideo Kosaka(Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University & CREST-JST )] @Xs͓dq̊{łALɂďdvȖʂBXspʎqZpł́AdqXsԂ̐Ɠǂݏos ȋ@\ƂȂBXsԂ̃Rq[X̗͂ʎq̌ł邽߁AƓǂݏo̗҂XsRq[głȂ΂ȂȂBAJ[] 𗘗p]̃Xs@́ACwJ[ʂɂ锽˕Ό̉]𗘗păXs|s[V𑪒肷邪AXsRq[X𐄑 ߂ɁA]ȃXs܂͍΍^ƂXebvKvƂBX́A]̃J[]@ʉāAXs_Ci~NX𑀍삵ȂĂAdq XsRq[X̒ڑ\ɂ@ɂĕ񍐂BɂACӃZbg̊ԂŃXsˉe𑪒łB̎@̓Xsԃg OtB[\ɂ邽߁AX͂gOtBbNEJ[]itomographic Kerr rotationjƌĂłBX́A̕ΌRq[Xdq̃XsRq[Xɓ]ʂ邱Ƃ؂ÅmFA΍^dq ̗ʎq˂Ɣ΍^dq̗ʎq˂ɃgOtBbNEJ[]@Kp邱ƂɂčsĂBXsԂ̓]ʂƃgOtB[ ɂāAő̒ŊɈˑȂXsʎqԂ̐ƓǂݏosiB Spin is a fundamental property of electrons and plays an important role in information storage. For spin-based quantum information technology, preparation and read-out of the electron spin state should be spin coherent. However, both the traditional preparation and read-out were projective to up/down spin states, which do not carry the spin coherence. Here we demonstrate that the polarization coherence of light can be coherently transferred to the spin coherence of electrons in a semiconductor quantum well, and the prepared coherence of the electron spin can also be coherently read out with light by the developed tomographic Kerr rotation method.
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 ZbVSDuBells̐iWEӋEۑEvsȊOv fBXJbV[_[@䌳MVij @Ǐݘ_肷\Ȃ킿f[^͂OɌ܂ĂƂA߂猋ʂւ̉e͌𒴂邱Ƃ͂ȂƂ \ƁA鑪lׂsB1965NɔꂽBellśAȗAp̎ɂ肻ꂪjĂ邱Ƃ ꂽA{Ɍȉ̂er̃N[ėBłƌꂽ1982ÑAXy̎܂łȂƂBe N[ɑ΂链قȂ邽߁AȊÔ̂Bells؂ŋߑōsĂB܂ǏÊ݂Ǐ኱ɂ߂ Leggetts̎ьȊOłsĂB{ZbVł͂̊TvЉƗzq΂fqōsĂɂĘb 񋟂AlȔ}̂ł̎̉\c_B Top u1F@zq΂ɂBells؎Ƃ̈Ӌ psij @ʎq_̍ۗ̈ɗʎq(ꍇ,ݍ).ACV^CE|hXL[E[[(EPR),ÓTIɊÂǏ ݘ_̊ϓ_炱̗ʎqւɊÂʎq_̕sSc_.̌ÓTƗʎq̑Η,EPRphbNXƂĒm̂ 邪,IȌ؂͕s\ƍlĂ.30NɃx,Ǐݘ_ɂ鑊ւɊւĕs邱Ƃ𔭌,̃p hbNXIɌ؂ł邱ƂwE.X,ݍptF~qnłzq΂ɂăXs΋ɑւ̍xɏ߂Đ ,ʎq_ɓLȔǏmF.{eł͂̓eɂďqׂƂƂ,1980NɍsꂽAXyɂq΂ɂƂ̈Ⴂɂ ĂȒPɏЉ. Top u2F@B-ԎqɂBellš؎Ƃ̈Ӌ @iGlj @GlM[ł̒Ԏq̑ΐpBellš؎́As̔BellgK-Ԏqɂđz肵Ă̂łA݂̎͋ߔNɂȂCERNiXCXjFrascatiiC^AjŎ{Aɍŋ߂łB-Ԏqp萸x̍s悤ɂȂĂB{uł́A̒Ԏqp؎̊{Iȍ\zƌqpƂ̔rɂĂbAčŋ߂KEKi{jłB-Ԏqp؎牽邩ȂǁAƗ_̌yт̈ӋɂďЉB Top ZbVTDuUltracold Moleculesv Discussion Leader@ Kenji OmoriiIMSj Ultracold molecules are the molecules with their translational motions frozen to micro K or lower, and with the electronic, vibrational, and rotational degrees of freedom populated to well-defined quantum states. It is an ideal target of so-called "coherent control" for the control of quantum dynamics and functionality of molecules with coherent light with possible applications to chemical reaction control, fundamental test of physical constants, quantum simulators of solid-state physics, and quantum information processing. The production and manipulation of ultracold molecules is, therefore, a common forefront to physical chemistry, fundamental physics, and information science, with keen competitions going on among the top researchers of these different research fields. In the field of physical chemistry, coherent control of a thermal ensemble of molecules is one of the subjects investigated most actively for the past 20 years. For more successful control, the initial quantum state of an ensemble should hopefully be well defined. This situation has made physical chemists seek for an ensemble of ultracold molecules. Ultracold molecules are, however, much more difficult to prepare than ultracold atoms since the conventional laser-cooling technique developed for atoms by ultracold physicists does not work for molecules with more internal degrees of freedom. Therefore physical chemists need to investigate the physics of ultracold molecules itself by fully utilizing their matured knowledge on molecular spectroscopy. Ultracold physics has been developed independently from the field of physical chemistry, based mainly on the quantum manipulation of atoms instead of molecules. In the early 2000's, a novel concept has been proposed by ultracold physicists to utilize dipole-dipole interaction between trapped polar molecules to develop a large-scale quantum computer. This was one of the turning points for the cold physicists to extend their scope to cold and trapped molecules. Moreover, an ensemble of trapped ultracold molecules should be more ideal tool than an atomic one to simulate solid-state physics, and possible temporal variations of physical constants such as EDM, the proton/electron mass ratio, and the fine structure constant could be tested much more precisely with cold molecules than cold atoms by several orders of magnitudes. For all these three reasons ultracold physicists are rapidly approaching the field of physical chemistry, employing the philosophy of molecular spectroscopy developed by physical chemists. These two mutually opposite streams of chemistry and physics toward ultracold molecules are quickly blurring their border. This melting pot will certainly produce a new horizon where we need chemistry to understand physics, and physics to drive chemistry forward. The brand-new achievements in this melting pot and its future perspective will be discussed in this session. Top u1F@Ultracold polar molecules Matthias Weidemüller (Physikalisches Institut der Universität Heidelberg) Recently, there has been important progress in the formation of ultracold polar molecules in the rovibrational ground state, thus opening intriguing perspectives for the investigation of strongly correlated quantum systems under the influence of long-range dipolar forces. In my talk, I will present our recent experiments on the photoassociation of ultracold LiCs molecules in the absolute ground state X1Σ+, v''=0, J''=0 starting from laser-cooled atoms [1]. LiCs is particularly interesting as it has very large electric dipole moment of 5 Debye. The rotational and vibrational state of the ground state molecules is determined in a setup combining depletion spectroscopy with resonant- enhanced multi-photon ionization time-of-flight spectroscopy. Absolute rate constants for photoassociation at large detunings from the atomic asymptote are determined and are found to be surprisingly large. The photoassociation process is modeled using a full coupled-channel calculation for the continuum state, taking all relevant hyperfine states into account. Our results elucidate the important role of couplings in the scattering wavefunction for the formation of deeply bound ground state molecules via photoassociation [2]. Future prospects for reaching quantum-degeneracy with polar molecules will be discussed. [1] J. Deiglmayr et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 133004 (2008) [2] J. Deiglmayr et al., New J. Phys., in press. Top u2F@Toward production of quantum degenerate bosonic polar molecules 41K87Rb Shin InouyeiThe University of Tokyoj Quantum degenerate gases of polar molecules are regarded as one of the most exotic quantum many-body systems for the anisotropic and long-range nature of dipole-dipole interaction. Novel quantum phases such as crystal and supersolid are predicted for a Bose-Einstein condensate of polar molecules. The dipole-dipole interaction between molecules in an optical lattice is expected to pave the way to simulate a spin system, while the controllability of the anisotropic interaction via a microwave will offer a new tool to explore physics in a quantum many-body system. We review our experimental progress toward producing quantum degenerate bosonic polar molecules 41K87Rb. Our primary goal is to transfer quantum degenerate Feshbach molecules into the absolute ground state via the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP). We have achieved a dual-species Bose-Einstein condensate of 41K and 87Rb in a magnetic trap. An optimum optical transition for STIRAP is being identified by a separate experiment based on photoassociation in a dual-species magneto-optical trap of 41K and87Rb.
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